Internal combustion engine



May 29, 1934, u WQOLSQN I 1,360,362

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Oct. 25, 1950 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 ix lI//II///' m nan am! .51 umnn gy J7 J7 zmmazflfsfamsm m EMMH E Naabsazv.

Patented May 29, 1934 1,960,362 INTERNAL COIWBUSTION ENGINE Lionel M. Woolson, Mich., by Emma F. field Village, Mich.,

deceased, late of Detroit, Woolson, executrix, Bloomassignor to Packard Motor Car Company, Detroit, Mich., a corporation of Michigan Application October 25,

3 Claims.

This invention relates to internal combustion engines and more particularly to engines of the solid fuel injection type.

An object of the invention is to provide a compression-ignition engine, having relatively large cylinders, with mechanism for injecting liquid fuel into the compressed air charges in the cylinders in an atomized condition and under pressure such that there will be a commingling to form a mixture which will be readily ignited by heat of compression.

Another object of the invention is to provide a compression-ignition engine having unitary, independently actuated liquid fuel injection 'devices secured directly to each cylinder and each including combined nozzle and pump structures.

A further object of the invention is to provide a compression-ignition engine having relatively large diameter cylinders and pistons which are 0 formed and actuated to produce a high compression ratio without interfering with the movement of the air charges in the cylinders or the introduction of a plurality of atomized liquid fuel streams.

connection with the drawings, which form a part of this specification, and in which:

Fig. 1 is an end elevation of an engine partly in section showing the invention and its relation with the engine;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken on line 22 of Fig. 1 showing the air inlet and the exhaust ports with the valves removed;

Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken on line 3-3 of Fig. 1 showing the novel form of piston and the relation of the nozzles with the cylinder.

as indicated at 12, associated in aligned relation therewith. The cylinders are provided with skirt portions 13 which extend through openings in the top wall of the crank case section 11 and a flange 14 projects from the rests upon the crank case section 11. gine illustrated is of the water-cooled type and a jacket 15 extends around the cylinder for such purpose.

The cylinder is formed with an open upper end, and a head 16 is secured thereupon by a plurality of bolts 17 which extend through the head, the cylinder casting and the crank case in the customary manner. An air inlet port 18 extends through the engine head into each 1930, Serial No. (01. 12332) of the cylinders and is preferably of a venturi form and arranged to extend tangentially of the inner wall of the cylinders and at an angle to the axis thereof so that air drawn into the cylinders by the pistons 19 will be caused to rotate in the cylinders in a spiral direction. Adjacent each air inlet passage is an exhaust passage 20 form. A valve 21 is associated with of each passage 18 and is normally (not shown) is associated with the interior end of the exhaust passages and such valves are mechanically opened during the exhaust strokes of the pistons. The rock arms, as indicated at 23, are supported upon a bracket 25 which is mounted upon the cylinder head and the cover 26 is arranged to enclose the valve actuating mechanisms and that portion of the valves which extends beyond the head 16.

The engine illustrated is of the four-stroke cycle'type and the air charges drawn into a cyland during such comprescompression. Movement of the pistons is transmitted through connecting rods 27 to the crank shaft 28.

in which the cylinders are of a relatively large diameter. Considerable difficulty is encountered in the use of a single injection device with engines because of the inability to obdesired mixture can be properly casing, there being explosion in a high speed compression-ignition engine, it has been found that a pair of injection devices can be utilized to advantage and that the form of the piston head can be-such that the obtained and compressed to a high degree.

The two fuel devices associated with the cylinder are substantially the'same and are actuated by similar mechanisms and, therefore, a description of one is thought to be sufficient for an adequate understanding thereof. The injection device includes a nozzle-section indicated generally at 29 and a pump section indicated generally at 30. The nozzle section has a casing 31 formed with a reduced end which projects through an aperture in the wall of the cylinder while the valve 32 extends through an axially formed passage therein. Such valve is provided with a head 33 which cooperates with an outwardly flared, end wall portion 34 of the axial passage. The valve is normally urged toward closed position by a spring 35 and is moved toward the interior of the cylinder by oil pressurev in the axially extending passage. There is also a stop member 36 which limits the effect of the spring 35 upon the valve so that the head 33 will never quite engage the flared wall of the nozzle casing. V

- The pump sectionis formed as a unit and is rigidly secured to the nozzle section, while the nozzle section casing is formed with flanges 3'7 which bear against the side of the cylinder and are secured thereto by means of bolts 38, so that the unitary injection device is attached directly .to the cylinder. The pump casing 39 is screwed upon a depending neck portion of the nozzle casing and the barrel 40 is carried within the pump a passage extending between the barrel and the axial passage in the nozzle casing and suitable one-way valve mechanism to prevent return flow of liquid fuel from the nozzle section to the pump .section. The barrel and the casing are formed with a plurality of aligned ports 41 which are in open communication with a chamber formed by a collar 42 which.

surrounds the casing and engages spaced outstanding flanges,-such chamber being connected with a source of fuel oil supply and a low pressure pump for moving the oil into'the injection device when the plunger 43 is in a position,uncovering the ports 41. This plunger is adapted to reciprocate in the barrel and is normally moved into a position uncovering the ports by the. spring 44, while a push rod 45, extending through a sleeve 46 in the crank case, engages the plunger and causes injection strokes thereof when actuated by the rod 47 which engages a slipper 48 pivotally mounted upon a shaft 49 which is carried by the removable section 50 of the crank case. The slipper is rocked by a cam 51 which is driven through suitable mechanism from the crank shaft 28, such cam engaging a depending portion 52 of the slipper which is held thereagainst by the spring 44.

The stroke of the plunger after closing the ports 41 determines the quantity of liquid fuel which is forced from the nozzle and projected into the cylinder, and this stroke can be regulated through shifting of the rod 4'7 longitudinally of the slipper, that is transversely of the crank case. To this end there is provided a link 53 which is pivotally connected to the rod 4'7 and to the arm 54 which depends from the shaft 55 which is carried by the removable section 50 of the crank case, it being understood that there is suitable mechanism associated with the shaft 55 for rotating it with which the rod 4'7 is associated contributin to this result. The. fuel injection is preferably timed through the relation of the cam 51 with the crank shaft 28 so that fuel charges will be injected in the compressed 'air charges in the cylinder in'a range preferably between forty and twenty degrees of the crank shaft angle before the pistons reach top center which is the maximum compression position, this timing range being such that it is automatically varied in accordance with the fuel charge regulation. In this manner the timing of the fuel injections are later with small volume than with the larger volumes.

In engines having cylinders of relatively large diameters it is diflicult to provide a single injection device which will give fueloil the proper atomization and at the same time penetrate far enough into the cylinder for the oil to be properly commingled with the rotating compressed air charges, and this can only be obtained through an In the present invention it is proposed to utilize two injection devices which are operated inde- 1 pendently and also to provide a piston formed to assure a high compression ratio without interfering with the charge rotation or the oil injections. The piston is formed with a central circular depression or pocket 56 which occupies only a portion of the piston diameter,-and slots 57 are formed on opposite sides of the piston and extend lengthwise of the piston from the end wall to a point well below the outlet end of the fuel nozzles when the piston is in its uppermost position. These slots are formed in side walls and extend inwardly of the piston so that the cone-shaped spray of fuel which leaves the valve end of the nozzle can be freely distributed into the depression 56 without interference by any part of the piston, and at the same time allow the spray to be injected tangentially of the column of rotating air. The piston is also formed with depressions 58 so that the inlet and exhaust valves which extend within the cylinder can be telescoped by the piston when in its uppermost position. It will thus be seen that there is nothing to interfere with the piston moving to a point closely adjacent the inner wall of the head and consequently very high compression ratio can be obtained without burning of the piston or interfering seriously with the charge rotation. The compression ratio is still further increased due to the depression 56 because the rotating mixture will be contained substantially therein when the piston is adjacent top center position of the compression stroke. Likewise, such compression ratio will cause the piston to substantially evacuate exhaust from the cylinder during the exhaust stroke, the advantage of which is well known.

The oil charges are projected into the cylinder preferably from opposite sides thereof, as illustrated, and thus one-half revolution of therotating compressed air will provide substantially a thorough and uniform commingling therewith of the highly atomized fuel oil so that in this manner a fuel mixture will be obtained in a short space of It will be seen that the two injection devices are identical in design which lends to economical or when the pressure device with the nozzle device.

is remote or not rigid With the arrangement of a specific embodiment of the invention, which is specifically claim, it is not desired that it be understood that the invention is limited to the exact details of the construction, as it will be apparent that changes may be made therein without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.

What is claimed is:

1. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder in which rotating air is compressed, said cyla flat inner head surface, a piston movable 1n the cylinder having a flat end formed with a circular pocket therein, a pair of offset parallel fuel injection nozzles extending in opposite directions through the cylinder wall adjacent the head, the piston having recesses in the end therein which rotating of extending from the periphery to the pocket and coinciding with the nozzles to allow passage of fuel therethrough into the pocket when the piston approaches the cylinder head.

2. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder air is compressed, said cylinder having a fiat inner head surface, a piston movable in the cylinder having a flat end formed with a pocket therein, said pocket being circular and centrally located, a pair of offset parallel fuel injection nozzles extending in opposite directions through the cylinder wall adjacent the head surface, and recessesin the piston end extending from the periphery to the pocket and coincident with the nozzles when the piston approaches top center, the sides of each recess extending at an angle and diverging toward the pocket.

3. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder in which rotating air is compressed, said cylinder having a flat inner head surface, a piston movable in the cylinder having a flat end formed with a circular pocket therein, said pocket being centrally located, a pair of ofiset parallel fuel injection nozzles extending in opposite directions through the cylinder wall adjacent the head surface, and recesses in the piston end extending from the periphery to the pocket and coincident with the nozzles when the piston approaches top center, the sides of each recess diverging toward the pocket and one side extending at a greater angle than the other side.

EMMA F. WOOLSON, Executrix of the Estate of Lionel M. Woolson, De-

ceased. 

